The Acceleration of China’s Commercial and Civil Space Enterprise & The Challenge to America

A Strategic Report from the Commercial Space Federation

This report arrives at a pivotal moment for global space affairs. Over the past decade, China’s space enterprise has transformed rapidly, driven by sweeping policy reforms, surging investment, and an intentional merging of commercial, civil, and national security ambitions. The timeliness of this analysis is underscored by China’s shift from aspirational planning to tangible achievement—changes that are fundamentally altering the strategic landscape for the United States and its partners. By providing a comprehensive, segment-by-segment assessment of China’s space progress and its implications for American interests, this report aims to serve both as a factual record of China’s emerging capabilities and as a risk assessment for U.S. industrial competitiveness and national security.